Art and monuments were key elements in the political propaganda of the Roman Empire. Statues, buildings, and other monuments served not only to adorn and aggrandize urban cityscapes in Rome, Italy, and the provinces, but also to communicate the virtues and commemorate the achievements of the emperor and the Imperial family. Victory in war and the subjugation of foreign peoples was celebrated in diverse media such as temples, triumphal arches, gems, and coins, while theatres and statue galleries highlight Rome’s capacity to borrow from Greek culture to create new architectural forms. This module focuses on the meanings and messages of artworks and buildings both large and small, from sculpture in miniature on coins and gems to colossal statues, monumental architecture, and cityscapes. It will also examine how the Roman art and architecture of power was reused post-antiquity from the Renaissance to the modern period. Key examples will include the Ara Pacis, the Forum of Augustus, Trajan’s column, the Colosseum, and the Arch of Constantine.